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Fleming-claims and restitution

The flood of Fleming-claims shows no signs of abating. David Southern examines the legal issues

The flood of Fleming-claims shows no signs of abating. ‘Fleming-claims’ are claims to recover overpaid output tax incurred in accounting periods ending before 4 December 1996 or under-recovered input tax incurred in accounting periods ending before 1 May 1997.

The statutory scheme (VATA 1994 ss 78 80 and SI 1995/2518 reg 29) provides for repayment of:

  • output VAT paid in error;
  • repayable input VAT incurred but not recovered; and
  • in both cases simple interest.

The statutory claim only takes a taxpayer so far. The question is does he have additional claims enforceable in English law based on the law of restitution?

The issues

The issues which are all inter-related are:

  • Are Fleming-claims restitutionary in nature? Do the claims fall as a matter of EU law under the...

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