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IR35: why (and when) mutuality of obligation matters

Contrary to HMRC’s guidance and CEST tool, mutuality of obligation is pivotal to determining employment status in surprising ways. Derek Francis (Terra Firma Chambers) examines cases showing how.

HMRC’s largely misconceived IR35 litigation-fest leaves you wondering: where are we going? Postponing the roll out of engager compliance to the private sector until April 2021 is welcome both for the delay itself and as an opportunity to put things right. There is plenty wrong – including the fact that client compliance which was rejected as too burdensome in 1999 is being rolled-out promiscuously.

In this article I focus on mutuality of obligation (‘MoO’) – an important issue that has been centre stage in recent cases but one that is conspicuous by its absence from HMRC’s guidance and its ‘check employment status tool’ (CEST).

The legislation

Before I examine the case law though...

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